Power steering fluid has an important role to play in maintaining safe handling while making sure your car is easy to manoeuvre at low speed. So if it leaks it’s bad news for your car, your driving experience and your wallet.
The good news is power steering leaks aren’t all that common, particularly on newer, modern cars. But when leaks do occur they normally start small before getting worse. They can also be difficult to spot and diagnose.
If you suspect a power steering leak could be behind recent handling problems, our guide can help you spot the problem and work out the most likely cause.
We’ve covered everything you need to know about power steering fluid, including the signs of a leak and how to check and top up your power steering fluid reservoir should you need to.
Understanding Power Steering Systems
Power steering systems are designed to make steering easier by using hydraulic or electric assistance. The hydraulic system relies on power steering fluid to transmit force, while electric systems use motors and sensors.
What Does Power Steering Fluid Do?
Power steering fluid is a type of hydraulic fluid that’s used to transfer energy from the steering wheel to the wheels.
It essentially forms a hydraulic link between different parts of the steering system, with the purpose being to make it easier to turn the wheels – particularly during low-speed manoeuvres.
If you’ve ever driven a car without power steering, you’ll know how much work is required to get the wheels turning at low speed.
To compensate for this, power steering fluid creates hydraulic pressure within the steering system, ensuring that components like the gears and pumps continue to work smoothly and easily, even when the wheels aren’t turning at a fast speed.
The result is light, responsive handling that requires little to no effort from the driver. Indeed since power steering was first introduced, it’s become an indispensable system on all modern cars and larger vehicles, making steering much easier to manage in all driving conditions.
As well as aiding handling, power steering fluid also lubricates and maintains internal components within the steering system.
Should fluid escape and the problem go undetected, increased friction within the system could result in long-term damage and premature wear.
Types of Power Steering Fluids
#1. The ATF Transmission Fluid.
Power steering fluid and gearbox fluid can be switched out in some vehicles. Typically, these fluids can be classified as Dexron, Mercon, ATF+4, or Type F subtypes.
However, alternative automatic transmission fluids with comparable compositions might also be utilized.
ATF fluid is typically used in older cars from the 1970s and up to the 1990s with power steering systems.
The majority of ATF-based power steering fluids are used in vehicles that were made in the US.
#2. The Synthetic Hydraulic Fluid.
This fluid is specifically designed for power steering and complies with ISO 7308 and DIN 51 524T3 specifications. These are frequently found on higher-performance versions or in the latter generations of post-2000 autos.
Most automakers in Europe and Japan use this kind of power steering fluid. Low temperatures enable the clear, streamlined flow of synthetic fluids. They could also try to lubricate the pump extensively to lower the friction there as well.
#3. The Universally Used Power Steering Fluid.
If the name isn’t obvious enough, this kind of fluid can currently be utilized in the majority of autos. In addition to compatibility, it offers a plethora of advantages on its own. These include lowering some components’ friction.
Additionally, they may contain the aforementioned compounds, which could stop corrosion, seal small leaks, and lessen the abrasion that metal sections of your steering experience. However, you should still make sure that your car can handle this type of universal fluid.
symptoms of Power Steering Fluid Leak
Your car may have a power steering fluid leak if you’ve noticed any of the following symptoms:
- Difficulty turning the steering wheel
- High-pitched noise when turning ignition on
- Grinding noise when turning the wheel
- An illuminated power steering warning light
- Low power steering fluid levels
- Fluid underneath the engine on the floor
Causes of Power Steering Fluid Leaks
#1. Leaking Power Steering Pump.
The power steering pump is responsible for transferring fluid to the steering system. A worn-out pump seal or a broken casing joint gasket can lead to leaks.
#2. Leaking Power Steering Hoses.
The power steering system comprises pressure and return hoses. Loose seals or cracks in these hoses can cause fluid to leak, leading to steering issues.
#3. Overfilled Power Steering Fluid Reservoir.
Overfilling the reservoir can result in excess pressure, potentially causing seals in the rack to blow out, leading to leaks.
#4. Power Steering Rack Issues.
The power steering rack (rack and pinion) can develop leaks due to wear and tear of seals and shafts caused by road grime and dirt.
#5. Using the Wrong Type of Power Steering Fluid.
Using the incorrect type of fluid can cause damage to the power steering system, leading to wear and tear and potential leaks. Always use the fluid specified for your vehicle.
Why Is a Power Steering Leak a Serious Issue?
While a power steering leak may not seem like a huge deal, especially compared to other leaks that your vehicle may experience, it isn’t something that you want to put off. For starters, a lack of power steering fluid could pose a safety issue as you’re driving.
The absence of power steering fluid means that you’re going to have to work harder and exert more effort to turn the steering wheel. This is especially true at lower speeds when you need to make tighter turns.
The exertion of this extra effort can be tiring for some, especially for drivers with mobility issues or physical limitations. It can also lead to discomfort, particularly in the arms and shoulders.
Secondly, putting off addressing power steering leaks is only likely to lead to further vehicle damage to other components, which may include the power steering pump, pump vanes, shaft racks seals, and potentially even the drive belt.
Like anything with your vehicle, the longer you put off service, the more expensive and extensive your issues are likely to be.
Is It Safe To Drive With A Leaking Power Steering Fluid?
No matter what, safety must not be compromised when driving a car because a slight malfunction can sometimes be disastrous. Some malfunctions may not be apparent initially but can be dangerous in the long run.
So, concerning driving with a leaking power steering fluid, the symptom may continue and not alter the proper running of a vehicle. However, once a vehicle’s steering pump runs dry due to constant fluid leakage, it will hinder the process of turning the steering to corners (left or right).
If serious care is not taken in managing the difficulty in turning a faulty steering system due to a steering fluid leak, it can lead to an accident. So, in a nutshell, it is not safe to drive with a leaking power steering fluid.
Impact of Steering Fluid Leaks
Understanding the potential impact on your vehicle and, most importantly, on your safety is crucial. Leaking power steering fluid doesn’t just cause a patch of oil under your car. It could lead to serious results if not addressed.
The steering wheel can become difficult to turn due to a reduction in hydraulic pressure. This makes it more difficult to control your vehicle’s direction, which can be hazardous in emergency situations or at higher speeds.
Aside from the immediate safety risks, a power steering fluid leak can lead to wear and tear on the more expensive and difficult to service parts of the power steering system. A leak can also contaminate steering components, hoses, belts, and wiring.
The slower response and heavier steering that come with power steering failure not only increase the risk of accidents but also make the driving experience less comfortable and more tiring.
How to Diagnose a Power Steering Fluid Leak
Diagnosing your car’s power steering fluid leak is complex as it involves checking multiple parts of the steering system. So, it’s best to have an auto mechanic handle it. Here’s what they’d do:
- Clean the power steering system: The mechanic will clean the components with a degreaser, making it easier to locate the leak.
- Visual inspection: The mechanic will thoroughly inspect the system, checking for a damaged hose, power steering reservoir, pump, or connection. They’ll also look for signs of fluid leakage, such as wet spots under the vehicle.
- Pressure testing: They’d attach a pressure and flow test kit to the pressure line of the power steering pump. Then, they’ll pull on the steering wheel to ensure the valve in the steering gear is open. The steering pump should reach its maximum pressure, and flow should be less than one gallon per minute.
- Dye test: The mechanic may add a UV dye to the power steering fluid. After operating the system for a short period, they’ll use a UV light to illuminate any areas where the dye has escaped, indicating a leak.
Based on the diagnosis, the mechanic will begin the power steering repair.
How To Fix Leaking Power Steering Fluid
While some power steering leaks can be fixed at home, there are others that may require the attention of a mechanic. To start off, here are some tips to follow when dealing with leaking steering fluid.
#1. Flush/Clean The Power Steering.
The Power Steering For most vehicles, you simply turn the wheel into the lock position many times to get the air out of the hoses. For others, the process is more complex.
This requires flushing out the power steering which involves running small tubing through the tubes that carry the power steering fluid after you open the bleed valve and apply penetrating oil to it.
This will rid your system of old fluid and air. After you replace the steering fluid, you can close the bleed valve.
#2. Replace Worn-Out Parts.
As mentioned, parts wear out, but you would first need a thorough examination of your power steering system to determine which parts need replacing. For instance, you can install a new hose which may take care of a clog or a leak.
Also, you can replace your power steering pump and/or adjust your power steering belt which lengthens the life of your system.
If you are not sure of what parts to get, or if you are not comfortable with attempting these repairs, then consider consulting with a mechanic.
#3. Apply Power Steering Stop Leak.
Additionally, you can apply a power steering stop leak by pouring a portion of it into the reservoir. From there, you start your car and drive for an hour or two to allow the fluid to circulate through the power steering system and stop the leak.
The instructions may vary depending on the brand, and it is not intended to be a permanent fix for leaking steering fluid.
#4. Use Premium Quality Fluid.
Whether you are refilling your power steering fluid or adding a stop leak solution, you should always opt for the highest quality of fluids.
By using the best brand of power steering fluid, you will add years to the life of your system and allow it to run smoothly free of leaks.
Therefore, if you want to maintain the prime condition of your vehicle, consider using high-performance, high-end lubricants, and oils by Shield Lubricants.
Shield Lubricants manufactures lubricants in such a way that they prevent corrosion from setting into the vital parts of your vehicle.
They block water and contaminants from encountering the metal, thus providing reliable protection.
Preventing Power Steering Fluid Leaks
By taking a proactive approach to maintaining your power steering system, you can avoid potential leaks and ensure the safe operation of your vehicle.
Regular maintenance, using the correct fluid, and addressing issues early on are all essential steps in preventing power steering fluid leaks.
Let’s explore some tips for keeping your power steering system in top shape and avoiding future leaks.
#1. Regular Maintenance.
Regular maintenance is critical for preventing power steering fluid leaks and ensuring the overall health of your power steering system.
By consistently inspecting your power steering pump, rack, hoses, and connections for signs of wear or damage — particularly if you have an older car — you can detect potential leaks early on and address them before they cause further damage.
In addition, routine maintenance can save you money in the long run by preventing costly repairs and potential accidents.
#2. Using the Correct Fluid.
Using the correct type of car’s power steering fluid is crucial for the proper functioning of your vehicle’s power steering system.
Always consult your vehicle’s owner’s manual and use the recommended type of power steering fluid to prevent system damage and leaks.
Additionally, it’s important to regularly check your power steering fluid level to ensure optimal performance of the steering system.
Mixing old and new power steering fluid is acceptable as long as it’s the appropriate type for your vehicle. By using the correct fluid, you can prolong the life of your power steering system and avoid potential leaks.
#3. Addressing Issues Early.
Promptly addressing any signs of a power steering fluid leak can prevent further damage and costly repairs.
By paying close attention to unusual noises, stiffness in the steering wheel, or fluid spots on the ground, you can identify potential issues early on and take the necessary steps to fix them.
Regularly inspecting your power steering system and addressing issues as they arise is essential for maintaining your vehicle’s steering performance and safety on the road.
How Much Does A Power Steering Leak Repair Cost?
The average power steering fluid leak costs between $500 and $650 to repair. The exact price will depend on the specific parts that are failing. You may need to replace only a single component, or the entire system.
Here are a few common power steering repair cost breakdowns. (Keep in mind that your repair will usually require both parts and labor):
- Total power steering system replacement: $500-$650
- Hose replacement: $60-$150
- Power steering pump leaking repair: $200-$220
- Power steering line leak: $60 to $150
- Pressure valve replacement: About $10
- Labor: $40-$200 per hour
FAQs.
Q: How serious is a power steering fluid leak?
A power steering fluid leak is pretty serious and should be treated as a matter of urgency. The power steering fluid is essential to the proper functioning of a car’s power steering. Without it, the steering will not properly respond as it ought to.
If you are facing the challenge of a power steering fluid leak, turning your car’s steering will be difficult. This can delay turning from a straight road to a corner when driving. When this occurs, an accident may be imminent.
So, if you have a power steering fluid leak, it would be best to contact a professional auto mechanic to fix it immediately; otherwise, you may be risking your safety and that of your car.
Q: How long can you drive with a leaking power steering fluid?
Power steering failure is a result of a leaking power steering fluid. This may not occur immediately after a steering fluid leak is discovered; hence, driving with a leaking power steering fluid is possible.
However, would you rather risk your life to an imminent fatal accident due to a power steering fluid leak or get it fixed immediately? Most times, mechanical or technical problems can be managed in a car, but it does not always end well.
So, if you suspect a leaking power steering fluid in your car, drive straight to see a professional auto mechanic. After checking what may be wrong, ensure to fix the problem ASAP!
Q: Is the power steering worth fixing?
If you are asking, “Is power steering worth fixing?” maybe the question should be this way, “would you prefer to fix a faulty power steering or risk an unexpected accident?”
Undoubtedly, a vehicle’s steering partly decides the destination of the driver. So, joking about a car’s power steering fault is like joking about an imminent crash. The outcome can be very disastrous.
If you have a faulty or leaking power steering fluid, you should do everything possible to schedule a time-out with a professional auto mechanic to get it fixed. It will only cost a few dollars.
Q: Is the power steering stop leak any good?
Sure, power steering stop leaks are great in helping to curb issues with a leaking power steering fluid. However, they are meant to work best on tiny holes. In that case, if you have a large hole to fill, it will require more quantity of power steering stop leaks.
The power steering fluid leak stop products do great justice to leaking power steering fluid; hence, it is the way some car owners fix their vehicle’s power steering leak issues.
You may want to find out how much it costs to get a container of power steering stop leak to apply it on the leaking areas of your car’s power steering.
Q: Is it easy to fix a power steering leak?
Repairing or fixing a leaking power steering fluid is not rocket science. The process is pretty easy, fast, and cost-effective. DIY enthusiasts will find repairing their vehicles’ faulty power steering more interesting than those trying for the first time.
So, if you are a DIYer, fixing your car’s leaking power steering will not take the whole day. With the right tools and equipment, you can get it done within a short period.
Meanwhile, if you are not a DIYer or you are not sure of fixing the issue by yourself, kindly contact an expert auto mechanic to do the job. It will require spending a few bucks on the repair, so you may have to include that in your budget.
Q: Can I mix old and new power steering fluid?
Mixing different brands of old and new power steering fluid when topping up the fluid content is not a bad idea; however, you must ensure that it is the appropriate type of fluid for the car.
So, whether you have an old or a new fluid stored up somewhere or one you just bought is not an issue. Simply ensure that the fluid type does not differ from the one prescribed by your vehicle’s manual.
If you are skeptical about the kind of fluid to be mixed, you may want to seek the advice of a professional auto mechanic.
Final Words
Power steering fluid leak is one mechanical issue you must not trivialize in a car. The outcome may be unnoticed for a while but can be disastrous in the long run. So, why not rectify such a problem before the worst happens?
Whereas a leaking power steering can be fixed quite easily if you know what to do. The causes, symptoms, and how to rectify the problem have been addressed in this article.
So, you must not take this kind of problem for granted or with levity. It would be best to tackle it initially after discovering the issue instead of waiting until the defect has escalated. Remember, it is usually easier and cheaper to fix problems at the early stage.